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Kian-Gwan Kongsi (Mandarin: 建源公司, ''Jianyuan Gongsi'', lit.: ''Kian-Gwan Commercial'') was a Chinese company in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), and the earliest multinational trading company in the Southeast Asia region. A fleet of merchant ships was registered in Singapore (as ''Heap Eng Moh Steamship Co.''). One of the employees in Singapore is Lee Hoon Leong, grandfather of the first Prime Minister of Singapore Lee Kuan Yew. ==Fate== Oei Tiong Ham died in Singapore in 1924. In his will, he named nine children as heirs, one of whom was Oei Tjong Hauw, whome he appointed to lead Kian-gwan Kongsi. Under Tjong Hauw, OTHC continue to expand, opening a rubber processing plant in Sumatra and an alcohol distillery in Shanghai. Tjong Hauw also led the company to Japan and Indonesia - in this period many assets such as factories were destroyed during World War II. Tjong Hauw died suddenly in 1950. After Tjong Hauw died, Oei Tjong Tjay led OTHC. He was the youngest son of Oei Tiong Ham and Oei Ing Swie, son of Oei Tjong Hauw. Tjong Tjay, who was 27 at the time, found it difficult to adapt to the business climate in Indonesia, since he was raised abroad and lacked fluency in Indonesian language. Indonesia's uncertain political conditions at the time also made it difficult to expand OTHC; many consider OTHC to be pro-Dutch because of the close relation to the Netherlands during the war.〔(Oei Tjong Tjay Interview )〕 In this period OTHC established many joint venture with local and governmental figures, such as pharmaceutical company, Phapros which was established in 1954. Tjong chose to support the PSI and PNI party, but it the choice would become problematic when PSI figures were arrested and exiled abroad. Dispute with the Indonesian government, which begins with the prosecution against Bank Indonesia in Amsterdam on OTHC disbursement breakdown in the bank, worsedn relations toward the government.〔(Oei Tjong Tjay Interview part 2 )〕 In July 1961, the Indonesian government decided to seize the entire assets of OTHC in Indonesia, and in 1964 the state-owned company Rajawali Nusantara Indonesia (RNI) was formed to manage these assets. This incident led to the end of OTHC in Indonesia, although Kian-Gwan branches abroad survived under the sons of Oei Tiong Ham. One of the largest overseas branches is Kian-Gwan Thailand, led by Oei Tjong Bo (the elder brother of Oei Tjong Tjay) that continued in the field of property and electronic tools distributor. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kian-Gwan Kongsi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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